5 hajmeresztő tény az emberi testről
// September 1st, 2009 // Egyéb hírek
A gyöngyvirág illata izgalomba hozza a spermiumot
Úgy tűnik, a spermiumnak van szaglása, ami arra szolgál, hogy odavezesse a hímivarsejteket a nő petesejtjéhez. A kutatók virágillatok egész sorával kísérleteztek, végül a gyöngyvirág vitte el a pálmát: arra késztetett egyes spermiumokat, hogy a normálisnál kétszer nagyobb sebességgel igyekezzenek a kitűzött cél felé.
A kutatást a németországi Ruhr-vidéki Egyetem végezte 2003-ban. Felfedeztek egy új spermafehérjét, a hOR17-4-et, mely éppen olyan receptorként működik a spermában, mint azok a sejtek, melyek az orrban a szagokat érzékelik. Ezek után több száz mesterséges vegyülettel tették próbára a sperma orrát. Közülük sok olyat is kipróbáltak, melyet arra használnak, hogy a parfümökben utánozzák a virágillatokat.
Az egyik vegyület, melyet a gyöngyvirág illatának létrehozására alkalmaznak, kétfajta drámai hatást gyakorolt a spermiumok viselkedésére: megkétszerezte sebességüket, és véletlenszerű vergődésüket céltudatos mozgássá változtatta, erőteljesebb farkcsapásokra késztetve őket.
A halál után nem nő tovább a haj és a köröm
A megfigyelés, miszerint a halál után még nő egy keveset a köröm, optikai csalódás következménye. A bőr ugyanis nem sokkal a halál után összezsugorodik, ezáltal az ujjhegy és a köröm közötti távolság megnő. Ez a bőr folyadékvesztesége miatt áll elő. Ugyanez a jelenség okozza azt a látszatot is, mely szerint a halál után tovább nő a férfiak szakálla, az igazság azonban az, hogy a bőr már nem olyan rugalmas, ezért a szakáll lejjebb ereszkedik. A haj hossza pedig egyáltalán nem változik.
A vakbél nem mindig jobb oldalon helyezkedik el
Németországban körülbelül 2500 embernél a vakbél a bal oldalon, a lakosság fennmaradó részénél a jobb oldalon található. Az embrionális idő első hetének végén történik meg a szervek elrendezése. Az aszimmetrikus hozzárendelés is – a szív a bal oldalra, a máj és a vakbél a jobb oldalra kerül – az embrionális időszak korai stádiumában következik be a csillószőrök mozgásának segítségével, melyek révén betöltik a test üres üregeit.
Németországban mintegy ötezer embernél veleszületett betegség a csillószőrök mozgászavara. Az érintettek felénél a szervek is felcserélődnek, és ekkor már Kartagener-szindrómáról beszélhetünk.
Ha a csillószőrök mozgása akadályozott, úgy véletlenszerű a jobb-bal elrendezés – ez azonban nem okoz szenvedést a betegeknek, eltekintve a komplikációktól, a csillószőrök mozgásában bekövetkező zavar ugyanis a test bármely részére kihathat.
A haj nem szürkül meg idővel
Amikor az ember idősödik, a hajszín nem fokozatosan válik barnából szürkévé, majd később fehérré, hanem azonnal fehér lesz. Hogy miért tűnik mégis szürkének?
A hajszín a melanocitának nevezett pigmentsejtekből keletkezik, melyek a hajgyökerekben és a fejbőr felületén találhatók. A pigmentsejtek beburkolják a hajszálat, majd belemélyednek. A melanociták a korral elveszítik hatásukat, így a haj elveszti eredeti színét, majd hamar megőszül. Ha mégis úgy látod, hogy a haj először szürke, majd később fehér, annak az az oka, hogy a fehér hajszálak száma lassan növekszik, és ezért a hajkorona egésze szürkének látszik.
Az agyunk 100%-át használjuk
A mondat, miszerint az agyunknak csupán a 10%-át használjuk, Albert Einsteinhez fűződik, és felettébb közkedvelt. Einstein állítólag azt mondta: a legtöbb ember agyának csak 5-6%-át használja, én az agyam 7%-át.
Az igazság azonban egészen más. Tény, hogy létezik néhány olyan része az agynak, melynek még nem ismerjük a jelentőségét, ám ez nem jelenti azt, hogy nem is használjuk.
Az agy körülbelül 100 milliárd idegsejtje – ez több, mint ahány csillag van a Tejútrendszerben – több mint tízezer másik sejttel van összeköttetésben, és így egy óriási hálózat része, mely állandóan adatokat dolgoz fel, információkat küld és fogad. Az agy edzésével kevesebb kapacitásra lenne szükség egy feladat elvégzéséhez, mivel a gyakrabban használt összeköttetések aktívabbak, és mellőzik a kerülő- és mellékutakat.
Minél több gyakorlata van az agynak a problémamegoldásban, annál kevesebb energiára és idegellátásra van szüksége – ahogy a sportoló nyugalmi pulzusa is alacsonyabb, mint az otthonülőé. Az okos emberek gondolkodása hatásosabb és takarékosabb.
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